Cosmonaut Callsigns (A List)

For years, I've been seeing mentions of Soviet and Russian spacecraft being linked with their crews' radio callsigns, rather than naming the vessel. And for years, I assumed I'd be able to find a definitive list of all of these callsigns, somewhere. But I now get the impression that no such list exists (in English, at least), and so I've decided to draw it up for myself. Please do let me know if there's anything to add or correct, preferably with good sources I can trust for future additions.

I've put the callsigns in alphabetical order, along with the number of vessels that callsign has been applied to (or, if you like, the number of vessels that cosmonaut commanded under that callsign). I have assumed, though can't find clear confirmation yet, that if a vessel goes up with one commander, docks, swaps crews, and comes down with a different commander, that it will use both commanders' callsigns at some point. All sources I've seen only ever seem to list the launching commanders' callsigns.

I'm also uncertain about the interaction of crew callsigns and space stations (the Salyuts and Mir). As far as I can tell, crew callsigns have never been applied to the stations hosting the crew, but this is sketchy.

There are some complications with transliteration between Cyrillic and  Roman alphabets, and I hope I'm giving the best possible versions. I only know enough to know that I'm probably getting something wrong. I plan to add all the Cyrillic spellings to this table at a later point, so anyone who knows better can correct me.

Obviously, there's some overlap between themes, especially between astronomy and mythology, but also between a lot of the geographical features. I've aimed to identify the intended theme as accurately as I can find, but finding isn't always easy.

The two big meta-themes seem to be "shit we can spot out the window from space" and "vaguely sciencey shit", with a smaller number of interesting exceptions.

[EDIT: Two sources I've found most useful are this discussion thread, and this list (in Russian). The latter illustrates clearly (in Russian) how the junior crew are assigned sub-callsigns per mission.]

Reminders to self: Add column for cyrillic, and wiki links for cosmonauts.

Callsign	Cosmonaut	Number of Vessels	English translation	Theme
Agat	Yuri Malenchenko	5	Agate	Mineral
Almaz	Pavel Belyayev	1	Diamond	Mineral
Altai[16]	Sergey Prokopyev	1	Altai Mountains	Mountain
Altair	Gennady Padalka	5	Altair	Astronomy
Altair[15]	Alexander Misurkin	1	Altair	Astronomy
Amur	Vladimir Shatalov	1	Amur	River
Antares	Oleg Kononenko	3	Antares	Astronomy
Antey	Georgi Shonin	1	Antaeus	Mythology
Argon	Georgi Beregovoi	1	Argon	Element
Astrei	Anton Shkaplerov	3	Astraeus	Mythology
Baikal	Boris Volynov	2	Baikal	Lake
Basalt	Sergei Krikalev	1	Basalt	Mineral
Berkut	Pavel Popovich	2	Golden Eagle	Bird
Borei	Sergei Ryazanski	1	Boreas	Mythology
Buran[1]	Anatoli Filipchenko	2	Blizzard	Meteorology
Burlak	Aleksey Ovchinin	2[17]	Barge-hauler	Person[14]
Chayka	Valentina Tereshkova	1	Seagull	Bird
Cheget	Vladimir Vasyutin	1	Cheget	Mountain
Derbent	Viktor Afanasyev	5	Derbent	City
Dnepr	Leonid Popov	5	Dnieper	River
Donbass	Alexander Volkov	2	Donbass	Region
Dunay	Genadi Sarafanov	1	Danube	River
Elbrus	Anatoli Berezovoy	2	Elbrus	Mountain
Eridan	Sergei Volkov	3	Eridanus	Astronomy
Favor	Sergey Ryzhikov	1	Mount Tabor	Mountain
Foton	Vladimir Kovalyonok	4	Photon	Particle
Fregat	Valery Korzun	1	Frigate	Nautical
Gavaji	Oleg Artemyev	1	Hawaii	Island
Granit	Vladimir Shatalov	2	Granite	Mineral
Ingul	Alexander Kaleri	2	Inhul	River
Irkut	Anatoli Ivanishin	2	Irkut	River
Jupiter	Yuri Malyshev	3	Jupiter	Astronomy
Karat	Pavel Vinogradov	2	Carat	Mass Unit[2]
Kavkaz	Pyotr Klimuk	3	Caucasus	Mountain
Kazbek	Oleg Novitskiy	2	Kazbek	Mountain
Kedr	Yuri Gagarin	1	Siberian Pine[3]	Tree
Kristall	Talgat Musabayev	3	Crystal	Material
Mayak	Leonid Kizim	4	Beacon	Navigation
Okean	Vladimir Titov	3[4]	Ocean	Water
Olimp	Fyodor Yurchikhin	3	Olympus	Mountain
Orion[5]	Valery Kubasov	2	Orion	Mythology
Oryol	Gherman Titov	1	Eagle	Bird
Ozone	Anatoly Artsebarsky	1	Ozone	Meteorology
Pamir	Vladimir Dzhanibekov	6	Pamir	Mountain
Parus	Roman Romanenko[6]	2	Sail	Nautical
Persei[7]	Nikolai Budarin	1	Perseus	Astronomy
Proton[8]	Vladimir Lyakhov	5	Proton	Particle
Pulsar	Oleg Kotov	3	Pulsar	Astronomy
Radon	Vyacheslav Zudov	1	Radon	Element
Rassvet	Valery Tokarev	1	Dawn	Astronomy
Rodnik	Anatoly Solovyev	6	Spring	Water
Rubin	Vladimir Komarov	2	Ruby	Mineral
Rusich[13]	Yuri Lonchakov	1	Russian	Demonym
Sarmat	Oleg Skripochka	1	Sarmatian	Demonym
Saturn	Nikolai Rukavishnikov	1	Saturn	Astronomy
Sirius	Vasili Tsibliyev	2	Sirius	Astronomy
Skiph	Yuri Onufrienko	1	Scythian[9]	Demonym
Sokol	Andrian Nikolayev	2	Falcon	Bird
Soyuz	Alexei Leonov[10]	1	Union	Political
Taimyr	Yuri Romanenko	5	Taymyr	River
Tarkhany	Aleksandr Samokutyayev	2	Tarkhan	Demonym
Terek	Viktor Gorbatko	3	Terek	River
Tian Shan	Salizhan Sharipov	1	Tian Shan	Mountain
Tsephi	Maksim Surayev	2	Cepheus	Astronomy
Uragan	Vladimir Dezhurov	1	Hurricane	Meteorology
Ural	Vasili Lazarev	2	Ural	Mountain
Uran	Yuri Gidzenko	6	Uranus[11]	Astronomy
Utyos	Aleksandr Skvortsov	3	Cliff	Geology
Varyag	Dmitri Kondratyev	1	Varangian	Demonym
Vityaz	Alexander Viktorenko	5	Knight	Mythology
Vostok[12]	Mikhail Tyurin	2	East	Navigation
Vulkan	Gennadi Manakov	2	Volcano	Geology
Yantar	Georgi Dobrovolski	1	Amber	Mineral
Yastreb	Valery Bykovsky	4	Hawk	Bird
Yenisei	Sergei Zalyotin	3	Yenisei	River
Zenit	Aleksei Gubarev	2	Zenith	Navigation

Notes:
1. Not to be confused with the shuttle Buran. Anyone know what the plan for crew callsigns was going to be if Buran had become operational?

2. Possible mistranslation?

3. Often mistranslated as 'cedar' or 'Siberian cedar', just because it sounds a bit similar.

4. Arguably 4 vessels, if you count the unsuccessful launch of Soyuz T-10a.

5. Not to be confused with the Apollo 16 LM, nor the new MPCV.

6. I can't seem to find a good reference now, but I remember reading years ago that Roman Romanenko had wanted to re-use his father Yuri's callsign of Taimyr, but this was overruled. Even so, I still keep finding sources that apply that callsign to him, instead of Parus.

7. I struggled to find this one, and got only a single reference on some unofficial forums. Confirmation would be nice.

8. Not to be confused with the Proton rocket.

9. Possible mistranslation, as this also seems to translate to skiff (as in the boat type, which would fit well with Fregat) and scythe (as in the agricultural tool, which seems out of place on this list).

10. Soyuz is a special, unusual case, and arguably was the name of the vessel (with the mission code of Soyuz 19), regardless of which cosmonauts were assigned to it, and not the callsign of its commanding cosmonaut. However, since Leonov never commanded any other mission, this does appear to be his de facto callsign either way. The name does translate to Union, but in this case, this callsign was definitely named after the vessel class, the Soyuz, and not after the Soviet Union (which is what the class was named after, so it's not maximally simple).

11. Possible mistranslation, as Uran also means uranium.

12. Not to be confused with the Vostok spacecraft.

13. Note discussion about this one in the comments. (Now lost.)

14. Burlaks arguably fit into several categories (e.g. rivers, navigation, water, maybe even demonyms), but not into any one especially well, so I'm assuming for now that it's better to put that name into a new category of its own.

15. Altair appears to be the first callsign transferred from one commander to another, when Padalka retired not long before he was scheduled to command Soyuz MS-06. Misurkin took over the mission, and apparently also the callsign.

16. Not to be confused with Altair, with an IR at the end. There is an alternate, safer spelling, Altay, but unfortunately every source I've seen so far sticks with I rather than Y.

17. Arguably 3 vessels, if you count the unsuccessful launch of Soyuz MS-10.